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| commander1 = | strength2 = 8,000 | strength1 = 1,000 | casualties2 = 360 killed〔 487 wounded〔 148 missing〔(The Battle of Tanga, German East Africa, 1914 ) A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College〕 | casualties1 = 16 Germans killed〔Miller 1974, p. 71,〕 55 Askaris killed〔 76 Germans and Askaris wounded〔 | notes = | campaignbox = }} The Battle of Tanga, sometimes also known as the Battle of the Bees, was the unsuccessful attack by the British Indian Expeditionary Force "B" under Major General A.E. Aitken to capture German East Africa (the mainland portion of present-day Tanzania) during the First World War in concert with the invasion Force "C" near Longido on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. It was the first major event of the war in Eastern Africa and saw the British defeated by a significantly smaller force of German Askaris and colonial volunteers under Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck. ==Prelude== Tanga, situated only from the border of British East Africa (modern-day Kenya), was a busy port and the ocean terminal of the important Usambara Railway, which ran from Tanga to Neu Moshi at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro. Tanga was initially to be bombarded by British warships, but this part of the plan was scrapped. An agreement was in place guaranteeing the neutrality of the capital Dar es Salaam and Tanga, but now the accord was modified and it seemed “only fair to warn the Germans that the deal was off.”〔Farwell 1989, p. 166.〕 Instead, the British resolve to capture German East Africa was to be implemented with an amphibious attack on Tanga.〔Aitken's orders: “The object of the expedition under your command is to bring the whole of German East Africa under British authority.” See Farwell 1989, p. 163.〕 Unlike the plan on paper, however, the attack turned into a debacle. On 2 November 1914, the British cruiser HMS ''Fox'' arrived. The ship's commander, Captain Francis Wade Caulfeild, went ashore giving Tanga one hour to surrender and take down the imperial flag. Before departing, he demanded to know if the harbor was mined; it was not, but he was assured that it was.〔Farwell 1989, p. 167.〕 After three hours, the flag was still flying and ''Fox'' departed to bring in the Force "B" convoy of fourteen troop transports.〔Miller 1974, p. 58.〕 This gave time for both the Schutztruppe and the citizens of Tanga to prepare for an attack. The German commander, Lieutenant Colonel Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, rushed to Tanga. He reinforced the defences (initially only a single company of Askaris) with troops brought in by rail from Neu Moshi, eventually numbering about 1,000 in six companies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Tanga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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